Medicine was regarded as a learned profession, while surgery was a mere technique that required training and experience rather than learning. Nevertheless, the status of the surgeon was traditionally lower than that of the physician.
DAPA STYLE ESSAY ON MEDICAL AND SURGICAL ASEPSIS SKIN
Traumatic injuries, wounds, ulcers, skin diseases, fractures, dislocations, bladder stones, urinary disorders, and venereal diseases had been treated by surgeons, with some success, for hundreds of years. These obstacles were largely overcome in the nineteenth century with the introduction of anesthesia (methods of controlling pain) in the 1840s and antisepsis (methods of fighting infection) in the 1860s.Ī closer examination of the evolution of surgery, however, suggests a more complex explanation for the remarkable progress that seemed so revolutionary. The transformation of surgery seems to have occurred with remarkable speed in the nineteenth century when surgeons were given the tools to overcome two of the great obstacles to major operative procedures: pain during surgery and the life-threatening infections that often followed surgery.
With dependable methods for the control of pain, infection, and bleeding, surgeons were able to go beyond the treatment of wounds, fractures, dislocations and carry out new and daring operations on the interior of the body.
New techniques for anesthesia and antisepsis were key elements of the transformation of the ancient art of surgery into one of the most respected and powerful areas of medical specialization. Surgery is an ancient branch of medicine, but it was not until the nineteenth century that doctors learned to apply practical and effective measures for controlling pain and preventing surgical infection.
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